https://journal.iipch.org/ijcpch <p>journal description</p> International Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health en-US International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics and Child Health 2656-2316 https://journal.iipch.org/ijcpch/article/view/56 <p><strong>Background:</strong> The incidence of pediatric nephrolithiasis is increasing worldwide. Pediatric urolithiasis is predominantly associated with metabolic etiologies and carries a high risk of recurrence. Non-invasive approaches are therefore prioritized to ensure long-term safety and preservation of renal function.</p> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of non-invasive modalities in the management of pediatric kidney stones.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2015 and December 2025. Studies involving patients &lt;18 years with kidney stones managed using non-invasive approaches, including observation, conservative therapy, pharmacotherapy, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), were included. Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data were extracted and analyzed narratively.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Ultrasonography was recommended as the first-line diagnostic modality. Active surveillance and adequate hydration were effective for small stones (&lt;4–5 mm), with high rates of spontaneous resolution. Pharmacotherapy, including potassium citrate and thiazides, was effective for selected metabolic abnormalities and reduced recurrence. ESWL achieved high stone-free rates (up to approximately 86% after multiple sessions), with generally mild and transient complications. Stone size and location, patient age, and metabolic factors were key determinants of treatment success.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Non-invasive modalities are effective and safe as first-line management for pediatric urolithiasis. Individualized management based on comprehensive clinical and metabolic evaluation is essential to optimize outcomes and prevent recurrence.</p> M. Rafiq Kurniawan Irfansyah Irfansyah ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-11-29 2025-11-29 7 4 1 11 10.35582/ijcpch.v7i4.56