Risk Factors Alloimmunization in Children with Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia

Sannita Mayusda; Heru Noviat Herdata; Mulya Safri; Dora Darussalam; Syafruddin Haris; Zaki Akbar

doi:10.35582/ijcpch.v7i1.51

Sannita Mayusda 1Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Syiah Kuala, Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh
Heru Noviat Herdata 1Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Syiah Kuala, Zainoel Abidin General Hospital
Mulya Safri 1Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Syiah Kuala, dr. Zainoel Abidin’s Public Hospital
Dora Darussalam 1Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Syiah Kuala, dr. Zainoel Abidin’s Public Hospital
Syafruddin Haris 1Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Syiah Kuala, dr. Zainoel Abidin’s Public Hospital
Zaki Akbar 1Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Syiah Kuala, dr. Zainoel Abidin’s Public Hospital

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35582/ijcpch.v7i1.51

Keywords: Alloimmunization, Blood transfusion, Risk factors, Thalassemia, Transfusion

Abstract

Background: Pediatric transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients may be at risk of alloimmunization because they require regular blood transfusions throughout their lives. Exposure to repeated blood transfusions can lead to the formation of alloantibodies. Alloimmunization is the formation of alloantibodies against the blood donor recipient, which may cause unwanted transfusion reactions. Alloimmunization can hinder pediatric TDT patients from finding a suitable blood donor, increasing the risk of more blood transfusion complications. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design with observational analytics conducted at the Polyclinic of Thalassemia Center of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Public Hospital (RSUDZA) Banda Aceh. It was conducted from May 15^th to June 24^th 2023, and involved 70 samples that met the research criteria. The data was obtained from a questionnaire administered to the subjects. Blood transfusion and alloantibody screening data was also from the pre-transfusion blood crosmacth examination. Data was analyzed using a bivariate data test performed with a chi-square test. Results: This study found 11.43% of patients with alloimmunization in pediatric TDT in Aceh. The bivariate analysis revealed that the most influential risk factor was the volume of blood transfusion (p = 0.009, OR = 11.083, 95% CI [1.282-95.786]. The relationship between the duration of blood transfusion (OR = 2.644) and age 10-8 years (OR = 1.467) showed no statistically significant influence.

Conclusion: Volume of blood transfusion is the most influential risk factor for alloimmunization in pediatric TDT patients.